Participants were tested prior to and after a practice phase, as well as after a three day retention interval. Novice golfers ( Nā=ā52) practiced the task of golf putting under one of four different practice conditions: mental, physical, mental-physical combined, and no practice. In the present study, we examined the influence of mental practice (i.e., motor imagery rehearsal) on both putting performance and the development of one's representation of the golf putt during early skill acquisition. However, research investigating if and how mental practice adds to this adaptation process is lacking. More recently, research on the development of mental representation structure has elicited functional changes in novices' representations as a result of practice. Recent research on mental representation of complex action has revealed distinct differences in the structure of representational frameworks between experts and novices.
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